i)Gross Profit Margin = GP/Sales * 100
= 720/2880 * 100
= 25% (Cafe A)
864/4320 * 100
= 20% (Cafe B)
ii)Net Profit Margin = Net Profit Before Tax/Sales * 100
= 360/2880 * 100
= 12.5% (Cafe A)
540/4320 * 100
= 12.5% (Cafe B)
iii)Expenses as percentage of Sales = 360/2880 * 100
= 12.5% (Cafe A)
324/4320 * 100
= 7.5% (Cafe B)
iv)Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities
= 1836/180
= 10.2 : 1 (Cafe A)
1692/468
= 3.6 : 1 (Cafe B)
v)Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Stock - Prepayment)/Current Liabilities
= ( 1836 - 540 - 0)/180
= 7.2 : 1 (Cafe A)
(1692 - 630 - 0)/468
= 2.2 : 1 (Cafe B)
vi)Stock turnover = [(Opening Stock + Closing Stock)/2]/C.O.G.S * 365
= [(900 + 540)/2]/2160 * 365
= 121.6 Days (Cafe A)
[(810 + 630)/2]/3456 * 365
= 76 Days (Cafe B)
vii)Debtors Turnover = Avg Debtors/Net Credit Sales * 365
= 900/2880 * 365
= 114 Days (Cafe A)
720/4320 * 365
= 60.8 Days (Cafe B)
viii) Earning Per Share = Net Profit Before Tax/No. Of Ordinary Shares
= 360/1368
= $0.26 (Cafe A)
540/1296
= $0.41 (Cafe B)
Good luck to all~!
Sunday, December 27, 2009
Set A (Qns 2) Answer
Well, it is not as difficult as i imagine, a careless mistake was the reason why i cant find the answer the whole day, anyway, here it is.... And Freaking hell,i just couldnt align properly!!!!!!
Trading, Profit & Loss for the year ended 31 December 2008
($) ($)
Sales 139530
-Return Inwards (780)
----------------------------
138750
Less C.O.G.S
--------------
Opening Stock 18300
+Purchases 78405
-Return Outwards (900)
+Carriage Inwards 2000
-Closing Stock (20080) (77725)
------------------------------
Gross Profit 61025
Less Expenses
---------------
Discount Allowed 950
Bad Debts 450
Salaries 17980
Utilities 9577
Loan Interest 1000
Provision for Doubtful Debts 140
Insurance Premium 1300
Motor Car Expenses 2545
Admin Expenses 5210
Depreciation on Office Equipment 3512
Depreciation on Motor Car 550 (43214)
-------------------------------
Net Profit 17811
-------------------------------
Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2008
NCA Cost Acc Depreciation NBV
----- ------ ------------------ -------
Motor Car 12500 7550 4950
Freehold Premises 101698 Nil 101698
Office Equipment 35120 17012 18108
-----------
124756
CA
-----
Debtors 20000
-Provision for Bad Debts (1000)
Prepaid Utilities 45
Stock 20080
Cash at Bank 5000 44125
-------------------------------------
Total Assets 168881
Capital 120000
+Net Profit 17811 137811
-----------------------------------
137811
CL
----
Creditors 21500
Bank Loan 9000
Accured Salaries 570 31070
-----------------------------------
Total Liabilites 168881
-----------------------------------
Good Luck to all~!
Trading, Profit & Loss for the year ended 31 December 2008
($) ($)
Sales 139530
-Return Inwards (780)
----------------------------
138750
Less C.O.G.S
--------------
Opening Stock 18300
+Purchases 78405
-Return Outwards (900)
+Carriage Inwards 2000
-Closing Stock (20080) (77725)
------------------------------
Gross Profit 61025
Less Expenses
---------------
Discount Allowed 950
Bad Debts 450
Salaries 17980
Utilities 9577
Loan Interest 1000
Provision for Doubtful Debts 140
Insurance Premium 1300
Motor Car Expenses 2545
Admin Expenses 5210
Depreciation on Office Equipment 3512
Depreciation on Motor Car 550 (43214)
-------------------------------
Net Profit 17811
-------------------------------
Balance Sheet as at 31 December 2008
NCA Cost Acc Depreciation NBV
----- ------ ------------------ -------
Motor Car 12500 7550 4950
Freehold Premises 101698 Nil 101698
Office Equipment 35120 17012 18108
-----------
124756
CA
-----
Debtors 20000
-Provision for Bad Debts (1000)
Prepaid Utilities 45
Stock 20080
Cash at Bank 5000 44125
-------------------------------------
Total Assets 168881
Capital 120000
+Net Profit 17811 137811
-----------------------------------
137811
CL
----
Creditors 21500
Bank Loan 9000
Accured Salaries 570 31070
-----------------------------------
Total Liabilites 168881
-----------------------------------
Good Luck to all~!
Wednesday, December 23, 2009
Glasses dropped to floor~
In a super boring OB class, don't know lecturer talking about what -_-lll we planning to 'ponteng' class when half time tea break, who know Yvonne said no to us!! and insist to finish the class... walao eh!!! Totally out of our imaging, expectation, and logic to the stupid Yvonne!! We guys CAN'T BELIEVE that what we have seen and heard!!
Finally our glasses dropped!!
.jpg)
yee.... where is our glasses?
Finally our glasses dropped!!
.jpg)
yee.... where is our glasses?
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Revived............
Hey Guys...
Ok Ha-haaaaaa "fate smile",
Since I don't have the choice to choose
I just follow what u guy's said lo :(
Update the post..aikz!!!!
1. Yvonne 21st Birthday Celebration
2. JianDa Birthday Celebration
3. Good News & Bad News
Good News - OFFICIALLY WELCOME OUR 2 NEW FRIENDS BRIAN & QI WEN WHO RECENTLY JUST JOIN OUR MDIS CRAZY BUNCH GROUP HAHA XP
Bad News - This semester we have chosen Organizational Behavioral and Business Accounting and Finance as our study subject!!! OB class is damn boring and sucks whereas Accounting and Finance is very STRESSFUl!!!
OKOKOKOK...
That's all for this time,
LoVe,
Jasmine
Ok Ha-haaaaaa "fate smile",
Since I don't have the choice to choose
I just follow what u guy's said lo :(
Update the post..aikz!!!!
1. Yvonne 21st Birthday Celebration
2. JianDa Birthday Celebration
3. Good News & Bad News
Good News - OFFICIALLY WELCOME OUR 2 NEW FRIENDS BRIAN & QI WEN WHO RECENTLY JUST JOIN OUR MDIS CRAZY BUNCH GROUP HAHA XP
Bad News - This semester we have chosen Organizational Behavioral and Business Accounting and Finance as our study subject!!! OB class is damn boring and sucks whereas Accounting and Finance is very STRESSFUl!!!
OKOKOKOK...
That's all for this time,
LoVe,
Jasmine
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
Thursday, October 22, 2009
Flexible Price
A pricing policy in which consumer negotiate a price rather than pay a fixed price established by the seller.
or
Pricing policy in which seller offers the same product at different prices according to the bargaining power of the customer.
don't know how to further elaborate it, some of my opinions, normally use on:
-projects
-servicing
-labor charges
-rare products
-import & export (exchange currency rates)
or
Pricing policy in which seller offers the same product at different prices according to the bargaining power of the customer.
don't know how to further elaborate it, some of my opinions, normally use on:
-projects
-servicing
-labor charges
-rare products
-import & export (exchange currency rates)
Fixed Price
some simple concepts of 'fixed price'
Why faxed price?
(intention or objectives of price) it can be in ordered to:
-Largest the profit (high price)
-Largest the sales (reduce price)
-Largest the market share (lower price)
-Survival (reduce price)
and some of the others objectives such as
-prevent competition (reduce price)
-prevent government intervention (keep loyalty price)
-create excitement and draw more customers (reduce price)
-and to help the sales of another product
If the question ask,
"Hardware should be using fixed price or flexible price?"
Then u can answer "fixed price", then explain some thing and link to what above mentioned.
example: Fixed price more easier to be controlled in order to achieve the objectives which marketer targeted, like... blar blar blar..... (link to above)
this is some of my opinions for answering the uncertainly 'fixed price' question
please give more opinion if any..
Why faxed price?
(intention or objectives of price) it can be in ordered to:
-Largest the profit (high price)
-Largest the sales (reduce price)
-Largest the market share (lower price)
-Survival (reduce price)
and some of the others objectives such as
-prevent competition (reduce price)
-prevent government intervention (keep loyalty price)
-create excitement and draw more customers (reduce price)
-and to help the sales of another product
If the question ask,
"Hardware should be using fixed price or flexible price?"
Then u can answer "fixed price", then explain some thing and link to what above mentioned.
example: Fixed price more easier to be controlled in order to achieve the objectives which marketer targeted, like... blar blar blar..... (link to above)
this is some of my opinions for answering the uncertainly 'fixed price' question
please give more opinion if any..
Market Segmentation
There is no single best way to segment a market.
4 Way of segmentation
1)Geographic Segmentation
The market is divided into different geographical units according to
-countries
-cities
-state
-areas
-regions
-neighbourhood
-blah blah blah~
Most marketers will operate in more than one geographical areas and localise their products,advertising,promotions and sales efforts to fit the needs of respective geographical areas.
2)Demographic Segmentation
-The market is grouped by
-age
-gender
-family size
-family life cycle
-income
-occupation
-education
-religion
-race
-nationality
-blah blah blah~
Since there is a relationship between these factors and the consumers wants and needs,this method is the more popular bases for segmentating customers.
3)Psychographic Segmentation
The division is baseed on
-social class
-lifestyle
-personality characteristics
-This want no blah blah blah~
Gaining popularity because lifestyle and personality affects people's interest in different goods although they may be in the same demographic class.
4)Behavioural Segmentation
This involves dividing a market into groups based on
-consumer knowledge
-attitude
-uses
-responses to a product
-This want also no blah blah blah~
For example,in user status segmentation,we look into ex-users,potential users,first-time users and regular users.In usage rates,the categories might be light,medium or heavy while loyalty status examine the loyalty of consumers to brands,stores and companies.
Business buyers can also be segmented according to the above variables.However,there are additional unique variables to the business customers such as segmenting them according to their
-industry
-company size
-operating characteristics
-purchasing approaches
-blah blah blah
4 Way of segmentation
1)Geographic Segmentation
The market is divided into different geographical units according to
-countries
-cities
-state
-areas
-regions
-neighbourhood
-blah blah blah~
Most marketers will operate in more than one geographical areas and localise their products,advertising,promotions and sales efforts to fit the needs of respective geographical areas.
2)Demographic Segmentation
-The market is grouped by
-age
-gender
-family size
-family life cycle
-income
-occupation
-education
-religion
-race
-nationality
-blah blah blah~
Since there is a relationship between these factors and the consumers wants and needs,this method is the more popular bases for segmentating customers.
3)Psychographic Segmentation
The division is baseed on
-social class
-lifestyle
-personality characteristics
-This want no blah blah blah~
Gaining popularity because lifestyle and personality affects people's interest in different goods although they may be in the same demographic class.
4)Behavioural Segmentation
This involves dividing a market into groups based on
-consumer knowledge
-attitude
-uses
-responses to a product
-This want also no blah blah blah~
For example,in user status segmentation,we look into ex-users,potential users,first-time users and regular users.In usage rates,the categories might be light,medium or heavy while loyalty status examine the loyalty of consumers to brands,stores and companies.
Business buyers can also be segmented according to the above variables.However,there are additional unique variables to the business customers such as segmenting them according to their
-industry
-company size
-operating characteristics
-purchasing approaches
-blah blah blah
Needs & Wants
Needs-a state of felt deprivations that include basic physical needs such as food,clothing,etc...and social needs for love and affection,etc....
Wants-a tanglible transformation from needs that is influence by culture and personality. Example:chinese vs western food. They are simply the objects that meet the needs.
Demands-wants that are backed up by ability and willingness to buy the goods/service.-->meaning to say for 'WU $$ LANG'
Wants-a tanglible transformation from needs that is influence by culture and personality. Example:chinese vs western food. They are simply the objects that meet the needs.
Demands-wants that are backed up by ability and willingness to buy the goods/service.-->meaning to say for 'WU $$ LANG'
Wednesday, October 21, 2009
Maintenance and Reliability
Importance of Maintenance
- To achieve a specific level of efficiency, quality and reliability.
Objective of Maintenance
(1) To maximize the useful life of the equipment
(2) To keep the equipment safe and prevent the development of safety hazard
(3) To minimize the frequency and severity of interruption into the operating process
(4) To maximize the production and operation capacity from the given equipment resources.
Type of Maintenance
(1) Breakdown Maintenace
(2) Preventive Maintenance
(3) Formal Preventive Maintenance - Work, Time, Opportunity and Condition Based.
Planning the Maintenance Programme
(1) List work
(2) List Frequency
(3) Prepared standart document and instrunction
(4) Prepared Plan
(5) Issue the instruction to the appropiate staff and contractors
(6) Record the plan when the work has been doned
(7) Carry out the post-maintenace audits & provide information for future policy making
Improving the Maintenance Capabilities
(1) well-trained personnel
(2) Adequate resources
(3) Ability and authority to do material plan
(4) Ability to identify the cause of breakdown
(5) Ability to establish a repair plan and priorities
(6) Ability to design way to extend the mean time between failure
What is realibility?
- is the profitability that a machine part or product function properly for a given length of time
- abilty to be fit for the purpose or function that a product or service has been designed.
- Importnt key function in many purchasing decisions.
Reliability improvement Techniques
(1) Use simple possible technique (KISS)
(2) Design fail-safe
(3) Use power design
(4) Use high reliabulity component
Love,
❤Jasmine
- To achieve a specific level of efficiency, quality and reliability.
Objective of Maintenance
(1) To maximize the useful life of the equipment
(2) To keep the equipment safe and prevent the development of safety hazard
(3) To minimize the frequency and severity of interruption into the operating process
(4) To maximize the production and operation capacity from the given equipment resources.
Type of Maintenance
(1) Breakdown Maintenace
(2) Preventive Maintenance
(3) Formal Preventive Maintenance - Work, Time, Opportunity and Condition Based.
Planning the Maintenance Programme
(1) List work
(2) List Frequency
(3) Prepared standart document and instrunction
(4) Prepared Plan
(5) Issue the instruction to the appropiate staff and contractors
(6) Record the plan when the work has been doned
(7) Carry out the post-maintenace audits & provide information for future policy making
Improving the Maintenance Capabilities
(1) well-trained personnel
(2) Adequate resources
(3) Ability and authority to do material plan
(4) Ability to identify the cause of breakdown
(5) Ability to establish a repair plan and priorities
(6) Ability to design way to extend the mean time between failure
What is realibility?
- is the profitability that a machine part or product function properly for a given length of time
- abilty to be fit for the purpose or function that a product or service has been designed.
- Importnt key function in many purchasing decisions.
Reliability improvement Techniques
(1) Use simple possible technique (KISS)
(2) Design fail-safe
(3) Use power design
(4) Use high reliabulity component
Love,
❤Jasmine
Additional - Product Operation Management (POM) & Inventory
Why do we study Product Operation Management?
(1) To understand how people organised themselve in production enteprise.
(2) May give the opportuntity for the organisation to improve the profitability of the goods and services.
(3) The segment of our society that produce the product we use.
(4) To understand what production and operation manger do.
What is the purpose of Inventory?
(1) To protect against inflation and upward price change
(2) To protect against delivery variation like weather, supplier shortage, improper delivery and quality problem.
(3) To take advantage on the quality discount because purchase in large quantity may reduce the cost of goods or delivery.
(4) To permit to countinue smoothly with the work of 'work-in-progress' inventory.
Love,
❤Jasmine
(1) To understand how people organised themselve in production enteprise.
(2) May give the opportuntity for the organisation to improve the profitability of the goods and services.
(3) The segment of our society that produce the product we use.
(4) To understand what production and operation manger do.
What is the purpose of Inventory?
(1) To protect against inflation and upward price change
(2) To protect against delivery variation like weather, supplier shortage, improper delivery and quality problem.
(3) To take advantage on the quality discount because purchase in large quantity may reduce the cost of goods or delivery.
(4) To permit to countinue smoothly with the work of 'work-in-progress' inventory.
Love,
❤Jasmine
Bottleneck
What is Bottleneck?
Bottleneck is the process of identifying the element is slowing down the response time.
Technique to overcome Bottleneck
(1) Increasing capacity of the constraint
(2) Ensuring the well trained and cross-trained employee are able to operate and maintain the work centre causing the constraint
(3) Developing alternate rounting, processing precedure and subcontractors.
(4) Moving inspection and test to a position just before the bottleneck.
(5) Scheduling throughput to match the constraint of the bottleneck
Love,
❤ Jasmine
Bottleneck is the process of identifying the element is slowing down the response time.
Technique to overcome Bottleneck
(1) Increasing capacity of the constraint
(2) Ensuring the well trained and cross-trained employee are able to operate and maintain the work centre causing the constraint
(3) Developing alternate rounting, processing precedure and subcontractors.
(4) Moving inspection and test to a position just before the bottleneck.
(5) Scheduling throughput to match the constraint of the bottleneck
Love,
❤ Jasmine
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
Formulate :
EOq
___________
/ 2x AD x Oc
/ ------------
_/ Units$ x Hc%
ATC
ATC
= AOC + AHC
= (AD/EOQ x OC) + (EOQ/2 x $units x HC%)
The Assumption of EOQ
(1) Demand is known, constant and independent
(2) Lead time is known and constant
(3) Quality discount is impossible
(4) Receipt of Inventory is instantaneous and complete
(5) The only varible cost is the cost of setting up or placing orders and the cost of holding or storing inventory over time.
Love,
♥ Jasmine
EOq
___________
/ 2x AD x Oc
/ ------------
_/ Units$ x Hc%
ATC
ATC
= AOC + AHC
= (AD/EOQ x OC) + (EOQ/2 x $units x HC%)
The Assumption of EOQ
(1) Demand is known, constant and independent
(2) Lead time is known and constant
(3) Quality discount is impossible
(4) Receipt of Inventory is instantaneous and complete
(5) The only varible cost is the cost of setting up or placing orders and the cost of holding or storing inventory over time.
Love,
♥ Jasmine
Total Quality Management (TQM)
What is Total Quality Management (TQM)?
(1) A way of managing to improve the efficiency, flexibility and competitiveness of a business as a whole.
(2) Concern the improvement of all the aspect of operation peformance and particularly how improvement should be managed.
(3) Involve each department, each activities and each person ant each level of the organisation.
(4) A philosophy how to approach the organization of the quality management.
(5) Approach that put quality and improvement at the heart of everything that is done by an operation and including all the activities within the organization.
(6) Focus on customer, Employees involvement, Continuous Improvement and Quality syatem and Procedures.
The 9 Component of TQM
(1) Commitment or Involvement of Top Management
(2) Customer Involvement
(3) Design a product of Quality
(4) Design Production Progress Quality
(5) Controlling Production Progress Quality
(6) Benchmarking and Continuous Improvement
(7) Developing Supplier Partnership
(8) Customer service, Distribution and Installation
(9) Building Teams of Empowered Employee
Obstacles Of TQM
(1) Poor Communication in the organisation
(2) Internal Politics
(3) Leadership
(4) Customers focus
(5) Strong Mtivation
(6) Strategic plan for change
(7) etc......
Tools for TQM
(1) Identify the problems - Histogram, Statistical Process Control Chart
(2) Generating the Ideas - Check sheet, Cause and effect Diagram
(3) Organising the Data - Flow Chart, Pareto Chart
Hope the note can help you Babes,
♥ Jasmine :)
(1) A way of managing to improve the efficiency, flexibility and competitiveness of a business as a whole.
(2) Concern the improvement of all the aspect of operation peformance and particularly how improvement should be managed.
(3) Involve each department, each activities and each person ant each level of the organisation.
(4) A philosophy how to approach the organization of the quality management.
(5) Approach that put quality and improvement at the heart of everything that is done by an operation and including all the activities within the organization.
(6) Focus on customer, Employees involvement, Continuous Improvement and Quality syatem and Procedures.
The 9 Component of TQM
(1) Commitment or Involvement of Top Management
(2) Customer Involvement
(3) Design a product of Quality
(4) Design Production Progress Quality
(5) Controlling Production Progress Quality
(6) Benchmarking and Continuous Improvement
(7) Developing Supplier Partnership
(8) Customer service, Distribution and Installation
(9) Building Teams of Empowered Employee
Obstacles Of TQM
(1) Poor Communication in the organisation
(2) Internal Politics
(3) Leadership
(4) Customers focus
(5) Strong Mtivation
(6) Strategic plan for change
(7) etc......
Tools for TQM
(1) Identify the problems - Histogram, Statistical Process Control Chart
(2) Generating the Ideas - Check sheet, Cause and effect Diagram
(3) Organising the Data - Flow Chart, Pareto Chart
Hope the note can help you Babes,
♥ Jasmine :)
Product Life Cycle (Steps)
In Diploma exam, answer of PLC no need go to too detailed information, so just point out the general explanation for each step, no need to touch on about strategy for that..
1. Introduction:
-new product go in to market, low product recognition by consumer, low sales
-low quantity produced, so high cost, high selling price
-high advertisement cost and promotion
-maybe no profit or loses in this step
-no competition
2. Growth
- more customer become aware of product, sales increase
-Quantity produced increase, lower cost, so profit rises
-price maintain high if demand high
-increase advertisement
-expand distribution, enlarge the market
-competitor may join in the market in this situation, adjust the price if necessary to prevent them enter into market. (strategy not too necessary to write)
3.Maturity
-sales are stable and continuous to increase, is most profitable step
-brand awareness high, so reduce the promotion and advertisement
-slow expand
-many competitor in the market
4.Decline
-other new product arise, consumer tend to another product
-sales decline
-cost increase
-price decrease, less profit or no profit
a simple diagram to easier remember the key points.
actually can have a fast draw on blank paper which left of the answer paper when exam,
so that you can answer it very fast..
ps: u can add in one more column for 'situation', such as awareness or new product arise
estimated:
what is PLC or another short question (4 marks)
Steps of PLC (16 marks)
1. Introduction:
-new product go in to market, low product recognition by consumer, low sales
-low quantity produced, so high cost, high selling price
-high advertisement cost and promotion
-maybe no profit or loses in this step
-no competition
2. Growth
- more customer become aware of product, sales increase
-Quantity produced increase, lower cost, so profit rises
-price maintain high if demand high
-increase advertisement
-expand distribution, enlarge the market
-competitor may join in the market in this situation, adjust the price if necessary to prevent them enter into market. (strategy not too necessary to write)
3.Maturity
-sales are stable and continuous to increase, is most profitable step
-brand awareness high, so reduce the promotion and advertisement
-slow expand
-many competitor in the market
4.Decline
-other new product arise, consumer tend to another product
-sales decline
-cost increase
-price decrease, less profit or no profit
a simple diagram to easier remember the key points.
actually can have a fast draw on blank paper which left of the answer paper when exam,
so that you can answer it very fast..
ps: u can add in one more column for 'situation', such as awareness or new product arise
estimated:
what is PLC or another short question (4 marks)
Steps of PLC (16 marks)
Monday, October 19, 2009
PMPM Exam Tips
Hi All, below is the tips given by Tomas Leong for PMPM. Let's jiayou for this paper! After which, we shall enjoy ourselves. =)
SECTION A (Marketing)
-Pricing (Why the using of fix price?)
-Fix Price
-Flexible Pricing Policy
-Different stages of PLC (Product Life Cycle)
-Profit line & Sales line
-Sales Broadcast
>How to get sales broadcast?
>How to get new customers?
-Discussing branding
>What is manufacturer brand?
-4Ps
-Different between NEEDS & WANTS
-Market Segmentation
-Business Buy Process (Industrial)
-Negotiate on price
-EOQ
-Different between PRODUCT & SERVICES
-3 level of the products
SECTION B (Operation)
-EOQ
-Diffusion
>PLC (Product Life Cycle)
-What is a bottleneck? (Unit 8)
>How to balance?
-Fish Bone Diagram
>Show how to solve problem
>4Ms
-Maintenance & Reliability (Unit 10)
-Obstacles to Implementing TQM (Unit 9)
*MUST DO
-TQM
-EOQ
-MAINTENANCE & RELIABILITY
SECTION A (Marketing)
-Pricing (Why the using of fix price?)
-Fix Price
-Flexible Pricing Policy
-Different stages of PLC (Product Life Cycle)
-Profit line & Sales line
-Sales Broadcast
>How to get sales broadcast?
>How to get new customers?
-Discussing branding
>What is manufacturer brand?
-4Ps
-Different between NEEDS & WANTS
-Market Segmentation
-Business Buy Process (Industrial)
-Negotiate on price
-EOQ
-Different between PRODUCT & SERVICES
-3 level of the products
SECTION B (Operation)
-EOQ
-Diffusion
>PLC (Product Life Cycle)
-What is a bottleneck? (Unit 8)
>How to balance?
-Fish Bone Diagram
>Show how to solve problem
>4Ms
-Maintenance & Reliability (Unit 10)
-Obstacles to Implementing TQM (Unit 9)
*MUST DO
-TQM
-EOQ
-MAINTENANCE & RELIABILITY
Friday, October 16, 2009
Edit my Jasmine :)
I dont know but I been told,
Someone getting very old,
We love making u as friend,
I hope this F-R-I-E-N-D-S-H-I-P never end,
Happpppy Birthhhday
Happy happy bithday from Crazt Bunch to Ket
We hope your day is special in everything you do
We help u sing birthday song an that's all We can do for you :) !!!
♥ Jasmine
Thursday, October 15, 2009
HAPPY ADVANCE BIRTHDAY TO MR KET!
Happy birthday to Mr Ket. =)
Look at how sweet our daddy is. =)
Lastly, the group pic. =DP/S: I really hope our friendship will last long long long. Not just 8 months, okay?
With Love,
Yvonne ♥
Wednesday, October 7, 2009
14 Principle of Management (Henri Fayol) a.e.e.i.o.u.u.
Authority- Manager must be able to give orders, authority gives them this right to issue command.
Equity- Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.
Esprit de corps- Promoting team spirit will built harmony and unity within the organization.
Initiative- Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization.
Order- People and materials should be in the right place at the right time.
Unity of Command- Every employee should receive order from only one superior.
Unity of Direction- The organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.
Division of Work- Specialization allows the individual continuously to improve his skill, therefore employee can be more productive.
Discipline- Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.
Scalar Chain- The line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks. A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction.
Subordination of individual interest- The interest of employee should not take precedence over the interest of the organization as a whole.
Stability of Tenure of Personnel- Management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure the replacements are available to fill vacancies.
Remuneration- Workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.
Centralization- This term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.
**I have changed the order of these 14 principles, exam only need to write out 6-8 of principles management of Henri Fayol.
So... A.E.E.I.O.U.U. is one of the easier way to remember that, following is D.D.S.S.S.R.C.
hope this helps.
: )
Equity- Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.
Esprit de corps- Promoting team spirit will built harmony and unity within the organization.
Initiative- Allowing all personnel to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization.
Order- People and materials should be in the right place at the right time.
Unity of Command- Every employee should receive order from only one superior.
Unity of Direction- The organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers.
Division of Work- Specialization allows the individual continuously to improve his skill, therefore employee can be more productive.
Discipline- Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization.
Scalar Chain- The line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks. A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction.
Subordination of individual interest- The interest of employee should not take precedence over the interest of the organization as a whole.
Stability of Tenure of Personnel- Management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure the replacements are available to fill vacancies.
Remuneration- Workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.
Centralization- This term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.
**I have changed the order of these 14 principles, exam only need to write out 6-8 of principles management of Henri Fayol.
So... A.E.E.I.O.U.U. is one of the easier way to remember that, following is D.D.S.S.S.R.C.
hope this helps.
: )
What is Management!!!
Eh daddy is not what is an organisation!!! **Wrong wrong wrong**
It suppose to be what is Mangement? The reason because we study management not organisation!!! *anyway some point is correct but the tittle is wrong**
It start like this:
1st - What is Management?
2nd - The meaning of Managements.
(A management is a process of coordinating the activities in an organisation
so that the activities could be manage efficiently and effectively through
and with others peoples)
3rd - Then you explain what is the charateristic of an organisation?
*Because earlier u already mention that management must coordinate in an organisation, so now u must elaborate what is an organiation using it characteristic.*
i. Distinct goal/ purpose
ii. Has a deliberate structure
iii. Must work through with others peoples
4th - Lastly, u can give an example to support ur words regarding
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT IN AN ORGANISATION MUST WORK THROUGH WITH OTHER PEOPLE
INSTEAD ALONE. WHY?
** use the example of A BASKET OD DURIAN mentioned by Ah Hup *hahaha* ***
So, Daddy you got anything want to add on? any opinion?
Happy to share together and get the best answer :)
Love,
Jasmine.
It suppose to be what is Mangement? The reason because we study management not organisation!!! *anyway some point is correct but the tittle is wrong**
It start like this:
1st - What is Management?
2nd - The meaning of Managements.
(A management is a process of coordinating the activities in an organisation
so that the activities could be manage efficiently and effectively through
and with others peoples)
3rd - Then you explain what is the charateristic of an organisation?
*Because earlier u already mention that management must coordinate in an organisation, so now u must elaborate what is an organiation using it characteristic.*
i. Distinct goal/ purpose
ii. Has a deliberate structure
iii. Must work through with others peoples
4th - Lastly, u can give an example to support ur words regarding
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT IN AN ORGANISATION MUST WORK THROUGH WITH OTHER PEOPLE
INSTEAD ALONE. WHY?
** use the example of A BASKET OD DURIAN mentioned by Ah Hup *hahaha* ***
So, Daddy you got anything want to add on? any opinion?
Happy to share together and get the best answer :)
Love,
Jasmine.
Exam Tips ( Principles of Marketing and Production) :P
Section A (Marketing)
♥ Chp 3 - Pricing
= Fix price
= Flexible Pricing Policy
**Elaborate the meaning and explain why u use this kinds of methods**
♥ Differentia the stage in the Product Life Cycle.
= Product line
= Sales Line
♥ Dicuss the Sales Forcast.
= How do we get the sales forcast?
= How you get in the new customers?
♥ Dicuss about Branding.
= What is Manufacturer and Price Branding?
♥ What is the 4Ps?
♥ Chp 1 - Diffeences between customers needs and wants.
♥ Chp 2 - Market Segmentations.
♥ Dicuss about the Buying Process.
= Differences between consumer and business buying process
(e.g negotiate on procing)
♥ Explain the differences between product and service.
= 3 levels of the product
( Core product, Actual product and Agumented product)
Section B (Production)
♥ Chp 10 - Maintenence and Realiability
♥ EOQ
♥ Chapter 9 - Quality and Contol
= Importance of TQM
= Explain how to design & quality
♥ Chp 8 - What is bottleneck?
= How do we overcome it?
♥ Maintenance and concepts of JIT (Just In Time)
♥ Obstacles to TQM
♥ Explain source of inspection and why?
** Use fish bone diagram to solve problems (4Ms)/ diffusion cycles concepts
** Importance chapter
= Marketing ( PLC, Difussion, Sales forcast and Industrial protect)
= Production ( EOQ, Maintenance and TQM)
Done by Jasmine,
JiaYou.
♥ Chp 3 - Pricing
= Fix price
= Flexible Pricing Policy
**Elaborate the meaning and explain why u use this kinds of methods**
♥ Differentia the stage in the Product Life Cycle.
= Product line
= Sales Line
♥ Dicuss the Sales Forcast.
= How do we get the sales forcast?
= How you get in the new customers?
♥ Dicuss about Branding.
= What is Manufacturer and Price Branding?
♥ What is the 4Ps?
♥ Chp 1 - Diffeences between customers needs and wants.
♥ Chp 2 - Market Segmentations.
♥ Dicuss about the Buying Process.
= Differences between consumer and business buying process
(e.g negotiate on procing)
♥ Explain the differences between product and service.
= 3 levels of the product
( Core product, Actual product and Agumented product)
Section B (Production)
♥ Chp 10 - Maintenence and Realiability
♥ EOQ
♥ Chapter 9 - Quality and Contol
= Importance of TQM
= Explain how to design & quality
♥ Chp 8 - What is bottleneck?
= How do we overcome it?
♥ Maintenance and concepts of JIT (Just In Time)
♥ Obstacles to TQM
♥ Explain source of inspection and why?
** Use fish bone diagram to solve problems (4Ms)/ diffusion cycles concepts
** Importance chapter
= Marketing ( PLC, Difussion, Sales forcast and Industrial protect)
= Production ( EOQ, Maintenance and TQM)
Done by Jasmine,
JiaYou.
Monday, October 5, 2009
What is an Organization
Q: What are characteristic of an organization?
Organization is an deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
e.g. school, government department, clinic are organization, because they all have 3 characteristics
1. Distinct Purpose (Goal)
2. People
3. Deliberate Structure
First, has a goal that organization hopes to accomplish.
Second, organization is composed of people. (One people working alone not an organization) people work to achieve its goal.
Third, organization has some deliberate structure so that their member can do their work. (job duty, job arrangements)
In summary, the term organization refers to an entity that has distinct purpose, includes people or members, and has some type of deliberate structure.
Organization is an deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
e.g. school, government department, clinic are organization, because they all have 3 characteristics
1. Distinct Purpose (Goal)
2. People
3. Deliberate Structure
First, has a goal that organization hopes to accomplish.
Second, organization is composed of people. (One people working alone not an organization) people work to achieve its goal.
Third, organization has some deliberate structure so that their member can do their work. (job duty, job arrangements)
In summary, the term organization refers to an entity that has distinct purpose, includes people or members, and has some type of deliberate structure.
Sunday, October 4, 2009
TQM (discuss)
TQM = Total Quality Management
(not "quantity" management, don't be mixed up)
then what is LSL?
LSL = 罗小玲 , hihihi.... ^ ^ joking la..
ok ok , i got no idea what is TQM, some one can explain it?
(2 questions in PMPM exam paper)
(not "quantity" management, don't be mixed up)
then what is LSL?
LSL = 罗小玲 , hihihi.... ^ ^ joking la..
ok ok , i got no idea what is TQM, some one can explain it?
(2 questions in PMPM exam paper)
Friday, October 2, 2009
Welcome~
ok every body, this is a platform for stupid Jasmine, Yvonne , Jian Da and Ket to discuss anything about MDIS, but this will be mainly used to discuss about exam question.
Let's study in funny and relax together, so please drop comment and opinion as much as u can answer to help each other pass the exams.
Yeah~
Let's study in funny and relax together, so please drop comment and opinion as much as u can answer to help each other pass the exams.
Yeah~
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